Synovial fluid helps to lubricate the cartilage and provides nourishment to it. The ends of the bones are covered with cartilage and separated by the joint cavity which is filled with a thick gel called synovial fluid. Joints in the arms and legs are synovial joints. They provide stability to the skeleton, and allow movement. It contracts to make your heart beat under the control of the heart’s inbuilt pacemaker - the sinoatrial node. The heart is made of special muscle called cardiac muscle. It contracts to move substances through the organ, and so helps regulate your blood pressure, airways and digestion. You can’t consciously control smooth muscle. Smooth muscle is found inside blood vessels and organs like the intestines. Skeletal muscle plays an important part in regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels, by taking up glucose from the blood to use as fuel or to store for later. Physical activity maintains or increases the strength of skeletal muscles. For example, when you contract your bicep on the front of your upper arm, your tricep on the back of your upper arm lengthens. Muscles work in pairs - when one shortens, a corresponding muscle lengthens. ![]() When your brain tells a muscle to contract, it shortens, pulling one bone towards another across a joint. Skeletal muscles are usually attached to the bone by tendons. Each muscle is comprised of muscle tissue, blood vessels, nerves and tendons. Skeletal muscles run from one bone to another, usually passing at least one joint. Skeletal muscle (voluntary muscle or striated muscle) is muscle that you can consciously control. Skeletal muscles are also responsible for generating heat in the body to maintain body temperature and help regulate blood sugar levels. There are different types of muscles, each with different functions, but they all work to produce movement of the body or to stabilise the body. The spinal cord runs down the centre of the spine, carrying all the nerve signals from the brain to the rest of the body and also carrying sensory input from the body back to the brain. It has 33 bones called vertebrae, separated by discs. The spine or vertebral column is the central support of your body, helping it walk, move and twist. The centre of bones contains the bone marrow. Much of the skeleton is made up of non-living material (including the minerals calcium and phosphorus), but nevertheless bones contain living tissue which is constantly remodelling, replacing old tissue with new tissue. They store the minerals calcium and phosphorus, and also contain bone marrow, where new blood cells are made. They hold the body upright, and also protect organs like the heart and the liver. The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body - it joins the calf muscle to the heel bone.īones give people shape. They appear as the long thin ends of the muscles. ![]() Tendons - these are made of strong fibrous connective tissue and they connect muscles to bone.Muscles - there are around 600 muscles in the human body.For example, the knee joint has 4 ligaments that help to stabilise it - the 2 collateral ligaments on the inner and outer sides of the knee and the 2 cruciate ligaments inside the knee joint Ligaments - tough bands of tissue that join bones to other bones to strengthen joints.Cartilage - provides cushioning inside joints (such as in the knee joint), or connects one bone to another (as in cartilaginous joints).Joints - an area where 2 or more bones come together.There are 5 main shapes of bones: long (such as the upper arm), short (such as the hand), flat (such as the ribs), irregular (such as the vertebrae) and sesamoid (such as the kneecap). The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones. Skeleton - this is the framework of the body.Injuries and various illnesses can damage bones, muscles and joints. The parts of the musculoskeletal system grow and change throughout life. This system gives your body its structure and support and lets you move around. Related information on Australian websitesīones, muscles and joints make up the musculoskeletal system, along with cartilage, tendons, ligaments and connective tissue.Conditions and injuries affecting the bones.
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